Which of the following is NOT an element of management?

Vision is considered more of a strategic element rather than a direct managerial function. While it is crucial for guiding an organization and setting long-term goals, it does not fall under the classic management functions like staffing, planning, or budgeting. These other elements are focused on operational and day-to-day management tasks. Staffing involves recruiting and organizing personnel, planning relates to setting objectives and determining how best to achieve them, and budgeting is the process of allocating financial resources. Vision provides the guiding framework, but it does not encompass the specific managerial responsibilities typically involved in managing a team or an organization. Thus, identifying vision as not being a management element reflects an understanding of how strategic direction differs from operational execution.